Japanese sake (酒), often referred to as Japanese rice wine or nihonshu (日本酒), is a traditional alcoholic beverage that has been enjoyed in Japan for centuries. It is brewed from polished rice and water, using a unique fermentation process that differentiates it from other types of alcohol. With a range of flavours, from sweet to dry, and varying alcohol content, sake is a versatile drink that pairs well with many Japanese dishes. 

As with many aspects of Japanese culture, there are specific etiquettes associated with sake drinking. Understanding these customs not only enhances the drinking experience but also shows respect to this culture. 

 

1. Understanding sake basics and pairings

Sake with a Japanese set meal
©photoAC

Before diving into etiquette, it’s essential to understand the basics of sake.

Sake can be classified into several types based on its brewing process, ingredients, and flavour profiles. The most common types include Junmai (純米), Ginjo (吟醸), and Daiginjo (大吟醸). Each type has its own serving recommendations and pairings, making it important to choose the right sake for the occasion.

 

2. The importance of the sake set

A set of sake
©photoAC

Sake is traditionally served in a set (酒器 shuki) that includes a tokkuri (徳利 a small carafe) and ochoko (猪口 small sake cups).

The tokkuri is used to pour the sake, and it can be made from various materials such as ceramic, porcelain, or glass. Ochoko are small to encourage sipping rather than gulping, allowing drinkers to savour the flavours. In some cases, masu ( 枡 wooden box cups) may be used as well.

 

3. Is sake best enjoyed hot or cold?

Hot sake
©photoAC

The temperature at which sake is served can significantly affect its flavour profile. Here are some guidelines:

  • Chilled Sake (冷酒 Reishu): Light, fragrant sakes like Ginjo and Daiginjo are best enjoyed chilled. This preserves their delicate flavours and aromas.
  • Room Temperature Sake (常温 Jōon): Many sake can be enjoyed at room temperature, which allows their full flavour profile to develop.
  • Warm Sake (熱燗 Atsukan): Heavier, robust sakes like Junmai are often served warm, especially during colder months. Warming sake can enhance its umami flavours.

 

4. The ritual of pouring and receiving sake

Pouring sake etiquette
©photoAC

One of the most critical aspects of sake etiquette is the act of pouring. In Japanese culture, pouring sake for others is a gesture of respect and friendship. Here are the key points and steps to remember:

  • Pour for others: It is customary to pour sake for your companions rather than for yourself. This demonstrates consideration and politeness.
  • Use both hands: When pouring sake, hold the tokkuri with both hands or use one hand to pour and the other to support the arm holding the tokkuri. This gesture signifies respect and attentiveness.
  • Lift the ochoko: The person receiving the sake should lift their ochoko slightly off the table with one hand, while the other hand supports the base. This shows appreciation for the person pouring the sake.
  • Thank the pourer, and sip: A simple nod or a word of thanks shows your appreciation for the gesture. Don’t forget to have a sip before placing your cup back on the table.
  • Return the favour: After someone has poured sake for you, it is courteous to offer to pour for them in return. It’s always good to have every person’s cup not empty!

 

5. Drinking sake the right way

Sipping sake

Once you have received your sake, there are certain ways to drink it that align with Japanese etiquette:

  • Savour your sake: Sake is meant to be savoured slowly. That means taking small sips to fully appreciate the complex flavours and aromas, instead of gulping it or downing it like a shot.
  • Hold your cup properly: Hold the ochoko with your thumb and index finger, supporting the base with your middle finger. This grip allows you to drink gracefully.

kanpai

In a group setting, it’s important to watch each other’s sake cups as a sign of consideration and courtesy, pouring for one another when needed. However, in modern settings like casual gatherings, restaurants, and bars, the rules may be more relaxed. Generally, the key is to be observant and good company!

In conclusion, sake drinking is an art that goes beyond simply enjoying a beverage; it is steeped in tradition and cultural significance. By understanding and practising sake etiquette, you not only enhance your own drinking experience but also show respect for Japanese customs. Whether you are in a formal setting, casual gathering or even on a unique sake-themed train in Niigata, these guidelines will help you navigate the world of sake with confidence and appreciation. Kanpai!

 

Header image credit: photoAC